ず is the classical version of the negative ending ない. It is often used in writing and in other grammatical structures. For group 1 and 2 verbs we simply replace ない with ず as per the following table:
| English |
Dictionary |
Negative |
ず Form |
| to go |
行く |
行かない |
行かず |
| to swim |
泳ぐ |
泳がない |
泳がず |
| to go home |
帰る |
帰らない |
帰らず |
| to say |
言う |
言わない |
言わず |
| to think |
考える |
考えない |
考えず |
For group 3 verbs.
| English |
Dictionary |
Negative |
ず Form |
| to do |
する |
しない |
せず |
| to come |
来る |
来ない |
来ず |
To create the ないで te form we simply add に.
| あまり相手の気持ちを考慮せずに厳しい言葉を投げ掛けた。 |
| Without much considering the other person’s feelings he hurled some harsh words. |
| 考えずに旅行の予約を入れる。 |
| To book a holiday without hesitation. |
| 予約せずにお店へ行く。 |
| To go to a restaurant without making a reservation. |